a dummy variable that takes the value one if the CEO is the chairman of the board and zero otherwise (García et al, 2015),(Belkheir, 2009), (Mashayekhi, 2008)
 
CEO is not chairperson: Dummy, 0 if CEO is also chairperson; 1 if not (Hafsi, 2011)
 
CEO power (A dummy variable which equals one if CEO chairs the board and also internally-hired, otherwise zero) (Pathan, 2009)